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- <text id=92TT1474>
- <title>
- June 29, 1992: Reviews:Art
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- June 29, 1992 The Other Side of Ross Perot
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- REVIEWS, Page 81
- ART
- The Vision of The Squinter
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By ROBERT HUGHES
- </p>
- <p> EXHIBIT: "Guercino"
- WHERE: The Drawing Center, New York City
- WHAT: 60 Drawings from the Royal Collection in Windsor Castle
- </p>
- <p> THE BOTTOM LINE: These superb, spontaneous works show a
- 17th century master at his best.
- </p>
- <p> Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (1591-1666) was known from
- childhood and, since his death, to art history as Guercino --
- "the Squinter." Thus he joins Masaccio ("Tom the Lump") and
- Sodoma among the notable Italian painters who survive in
- pejorative nicknames. One flinches to think what this practice
- might have done to the self-esteem of artists in the late 20th
- century had it gone on.
- </p>
- <p> The beautiful show of Guercino drawings on loan from the
- Royal Collection in Windsor Castle that opened this month at the
- Drawing Center in New York City reminds you, moreover, how
- labile reputation can be. Guercino was one of those 17th century
- Italian artists who sank under the weight of an earlier age's
- revival. Critics and collectors at the end of the 19th century
- were so obsessed with the study and acquisition of Renaissance
- art that they had little time for the seicento; for them,
- Italian genius lay in "primitive" gold-ground altarpieces and
- 15th and 16th century frescoes. Consequently, Guercino, like a
- number of his contemporaries -- Guido Reni and the Carraccis,
- for instance, or even Caravaggio -- was slighted. The first
- Guercino exhibition was not held until three centuries after his
- death, in his birthplace in central Italy, the small Emilian
- city of Cento, in 1967. His rediscovery was due almost entirely
- to the love and labors of one English art historian, the late
- Denis Mahon, who wrote the basic texts on him, defined the canon
- of his work and was probably the last connoisseur to "own"
- single-handedly a major European artist in this way.
- </p>
- <p> Guercino worked in an age when, although the mechanisms of
- fame were becoming more centralized, it was still possible to
- sustain a life's work on a provincial reputation. He lived in
- Emilia most of his life. But Rome was the great magnet, and he
- almost made it to the Roman big time when his patron, the
- Bolognese Cardinal Alessandro Ludovisi, became Pope in 1621 and
- summoned Guercino to the Vatican. There he painted one enormous
- canvas, the Burial and Reception into Heaven of Saint
- Petronilla, for an altar in Saint Peter's, but the Pope died in
- 1623, and back to Cento the painter went. Later he moved to
- nearby Bologna. Guercino had a steady stream of commissions from
- local churches in Emilia, but from Rome's point of view he was
- overshadowed by other Bolognese virtuosi who worked in the
- metropolis: the Carraccis and especially Reni.
- </p>
- <p> And in fact, Guercino did not have Reni's breathtaking
- skill as a painter. But he was not afflicted by Reni's
- sentimentality either, and where he shone, as this compact and
- rewarding show makes clear, was in the act of drawing. By
- comparison with his preparatory drawings, Guercino's final
- paintings are quite often labored and stodgy. It is the drawings
- that contain his finest and most spontaneously registered
- perceptions, and fortunately many survive. George III, an avid
- collector, acquired nearly 350 of them, of which 60 are in the
- Drawing Center's show, and this can be only a fraction of the
- stream of sketches and preliminary studies, caricatures and
- genre scenes that flowed from Guercino's hand.
- </p>
- <p> No doubt one's preference for Guercino's drawings over his
- paintings is partly caused by the modern liking for the
- immediate over the highly finished. Guercino liked the flicker
- of consciousness to show. In a famous passage, Leonardo da Vinci
- advised the painter to take inspiration from random pattern,
- like the mottled stains on an old wall; Guercino seems to have
- believed this too. One of the drawings in the show, Three
- Bathers Surprised by a Monster, starts with some random
- splatters of ink on the blank page; briskly and humorously, with
- a few minimal strokes, one of these blot clusters is converted
- into the animal face of a creature with haglike breasts that
- surges out of a pool to frighten the bathing nymphs.
- </p>
- <p> At times there is something proleptically surrealistic
- about Guercino -- or is it only that the Surrealists picked up
- on some of the mannerisms Guercino shared with other Italian
- artists, the exaggerated perspectives, the distant figures? For
- whatever reasons, there is one drawing in the show -- a
- scarecrow large in the foreground, ominous birds, a tiny
- gesticulating woman -- that could have come straight out of the
- background of a Dali.
- </p>
- <p> The mainstream of Guercino's graphic work was his studies
- for commissions. He worked in many media -- chalk, charcoal,
- crayon, pencil -- but his favorite was pen and ink wash, from
- which he produced brilliant summaries of movement, light and
- shade. The trace of the pen twists and flourishes, now with a
- liquid agitation, now in sheaves of parallel hatching as tense
- as wires. Nodes of darkness in a head or down the flank of a
- torso link up across the whiteness of the paper, and the
- fearlessness of tonal range attests to Guercino's mastery. He
- could work passages of light and dark that no reproduction can
- successfully convey.
- </p>
- <p> One example is the mopheads of the practicing choristers
- in Four Youths Singing, Watched by an Old Man, in which glints
- of white paper show through the dense tangle of pen and wash,
- providing the highlights within the hair. In such drawings, the
- balance between specific details like this and the more
- generalized effects -- the well-judged breadth of tonal washes
- that firm up the singing group, or the intricate set of quick
- dabs to give the bony structure of the old music teacher's face
- -- can still surprise you. Four hundred years after his birth,
- the Squinter remains as fresh as a daisy.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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